Is there a way to configure a table widget in a modern dashboard to display a number of items per page similar to the custom query widget from the classical dashboards?
Not at this time.
Do you know if this is on a road map for a future release?
I can ask. I know if I was still a customer of the product and not the Community Manager I would want it to. You could put a feature request in as well and then have people vote it up. That doesn't act as a promise that the feature will be in the next release, typically feature requests are worked in 2, 3, or 4 releases down the road.
Is there a reason you want pagination instead of the scroll and search? The Modern Dashboards were setup this way as people requested to NOT have to paginate. I'm trying to best understand your use case. If you feel there a need for this, I'd suggest putting a feature request in under the Orion Platform Feature Requests.
